Multi-Ply Bellows for Increased Fatigue Life/Lower Forces, Given Pressure Multi-ply bellows construction is used when increased fatigue life and lower forces are required while still maintaining the same pressure capacity. The multiple plies act in unison as far as hoop pressure loading is concerned, but act individually when fatigue life and forces are calculated. Thorburn can also manufacture multi-ply bellows with varying materials. This is especially useful when the media dictates a material for corrosion protection, but one that is not strong enough to take the pressure loading. This type of construction allows Thorburn to supply the most economic bellows of optimum design for any individual application. Small holes are drilled into the outer ply cuffs of a multi-ply bellows to provide for expansion of entrapped air between the plies during high temperature operation. Multi-plies act in unison as far as hoop pressure loading is concerned, but act individually when fatigue life and forces are calculated Two ply testable bellows increases safety the space between the bellow plies but act individually when fatigue life and forces are calculated 
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